ABSTRACT
Background: In addition to effects of biological factors and physical risks on incidence and exacerbation of gastrointestinal ulcers, the coping strategies and attitudes are also considered as psychologically important factors affecting the creation and exacerbation of this disease as well as the disease-associated stress
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the dysfunctional attitudes and types of coping styles of patients with peptic ulcers with those of healthy control group
Methods: This was a case control study carried out on all patients with gastrointestinal ulcers who were referred to three hospitals [Mostafa Khomeini, Imam Khomeini, and Dr Shariati] in Tehran during February-June 2010. Study population was consisted case [100 patients] and control [100 healthy relatives of patients and hospital staff] groups. Two groups were matched regarding the age, sex, educational level, and marital status. The research tools were three questionnaires on demographic characteristics, dysfunctional attitudes scale, and a list of coping styles questions. Data were analyzed by independent T and chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis
Findings: There were significant differences in dysfunctional attitude variables, problem- and emotion-oriented coping styles between two groups [P<0.05]. Moreover, patients in case group showed higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes and emotion-oriented coping styles whereas in control group the coping styles were mostly problem-oriented. Dysfunctional attitude had the highest share in explaining the peptic ulcer disease followed by problem- and emotion-oriented coping styles, respectively
Conclusion: According to the findings obtained in the present study, it seems that the people's attitude towards themselves and the environment affects the creation and perception of stress. Thus, providing the patients with psychological interventions could lead to more favorable results when treating gastrointestinal ulcers
ABSTRACT
The goal of endodontics is to seal the root canal system from the orifice to apical constriction completely and tridimensionally.Hence perforations during root canal therapy, because of caries or resorptions must be sealed and obturated with ideal materials. The aim of this study was to histologically compare two kinds of mineral trioxide aggregate Root MTA and Pro Root MTA for furcal perforation repair in developed teeth in dog. In this experimental study, thirty teeth consisting of second, third and fourth mandibular premolars of five German shepherd dogs were selected. Twenty-four teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups [6 teeth each]. One pair of Root MTA and Pro Root MTA groups studied in one month and the other in three months intervals. Positive and negative control groups was each contained three teeth. In positive control group, perforations were not treated and negative control group contained intact teeth. In experimental groups perforations repaired after one week exposure to oral cavity with Root MTA or Pro Root MTA. After time intervals animals were subjected to vital perfusion and m histologic sections were prepared. Inflammation and hard tissue formation 6 were ranked by Cox criteria. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square statistical tests with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. There was statistically significant lower inflammation and higher hard tissue formation in three months Root MTA and Pro Root MTA groups compared to one month interval [P<0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in inflammation and hard tissue formation between Root MTA and Pro Root MTA in each intervals [P>0.05]. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate is an adequate material for furcal perforation repair in dog's teeth. Root MTA could be a good substitute for Pro Root MTA considering the lower cost and similar characteristics